/*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  
  package org.apache.commons.lang3.builder;
  
  import java.io.Serializable;
  import java.lang.reflect.Array;
  import java.util.Collection;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.Map.Entry;
  import java.util.Objects;
  import java.util.WeakHashMap;
  
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.ClassUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.ObjectUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringEscapeUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.Strings;
  
  /**
   * Controls {@link String} formatting for {@link ToStringBuilder}. The main public interface is always via {@link ToStringBuilder}.
   *
   * <p>
   * These classes are intended to be used as <em>singletons</em>. There is no need to instantiate a new style each time. A program will generally use one of the
   * predefined constants on this class. Alternatively, the {@link StandardToStringStyle} class can be used to set the individual settings. Thus most styles can
   * be achieved without subclassing.
   * </p>
   *
   * <p>
   * If required, a subclass can override as many or as few of the methods as it requires. Each object type (from {@code boolean} to {@code long} to
   * {@link Object} to {@code int[]}) has its own methods to output it. Most have two versions, detail and summary.
   *
   * <p>
   * For example, the detail version of the array based methods will output the whole array, whereas the summary method will just output the array length.
   * </p>
   *
   * <p>
   * If you want to format the output of certain objects, such as dates, you must create a subclass and override a method.
   * </p>
   *
   * <pre>
   * public class MyStyle extends ToStringStyle {
   *
   *     protected void appendDetail(StringBuffer buffer, String fieldName, Object value) {
   *         if (value instanceof Date) {
   *             value = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").format(value);
   *         }
   *         buffer.append(value);
   *     }
   * }
   * </pre>
   *
   * @since 1.0
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") // StringEscapeUtils
  public abstract class ToStringStyle implements Serializable {
  
      /**
       * Default {@link ToStringStyle}.
       *
       * <p>
       * This is an inner class rather than using {@link StandardToStringStyle} to ensure its immutability.
       * </p>
       */
      private static final class DefaultToStringStyle extends ToStringStyle {
  
          /**
           * Required for serialization support.
           *
           * @see Serializable
           */
          private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
  
          /**
           * Constructs a new instance.
           *
           * <p>
           * Use the static constant rather than instantiating.
           * </p>
           */
          DefaultToStringStyle() {
          }
  
          /**
           * Ensure Singleton after serialization.
          *
          * @return the singleton.
          */
         private Object readResolve() {
             return DEFAULT_STYLE;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * {@link ToStringStyle} that outputs with JSON format.
      *
      * <p>
      * This is an inner class rather than using {@link StandardToStringStyle} to ensure its immutability.
      * </p>
      *
      * @since 3.4
      * @see <a href="https://www.json.org/">json.org</a>
      */
     private static final class JsonToStringStyle extends ToStringStyle {
 
         private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
         private static final String FIELD_NAME_QUOTE = "\"";
 
         /**
          * Constructs a new instance.
          *
          * <p>
          * Use the static constant rather than instantiating.
          * </p>
          */
         JsonToStringStyle() {
             setUseClassName(false);
             setUseIdentityHashCode(false);
             setContentStart("{");
             setContentEnd("}");
             setArrayStart("[");
             setArrayEnd("]");
             setFieldSeparator(",");
             setFieldNameValueSeparator(":");
             setNullText("null");
             setSummaryObjectStartText("\"<");
             setSummaryObjectEndText(">\"");
             setSizeStartText("\"<size=");
             setSizeEndText(">\"");
         }
 
         @Override
         public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final boolean[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
             checkAppendInput(fieldName, fullDetail);
             super.append(buffer, fieldName, array, fullDetail);
         }
 
         @Override
         public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final byte[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
             checkAppendInput(fieldName, fullDetail);
             super.append(buffer, fieldName, array, fullDetail);
         }
 
         @Override
         public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final char[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
             checkAppendInput(fieldName, fullDetail);
             super.append(buffer, fieldName, array, fullDetail);
         }
 
         @Override
         public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final double[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
             checkAppendInput(fieldName, fullDetail);
             super.append(buffer, fieldName, array, fullDetail);
         }
 
         @Override
         public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final float[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
             checkAppendInput(fieldName, fullDetail);
             super.append(buffer, fieldName, array, fullDetail);
         }
 
         @Override
         public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final int[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
             checkAppendInput(fieldName, fullDetail);
             super.append(buffer, fieldName, array, fullDetail);
         }
 
         @Override
         public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final long[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
             checkAppendInput(fieldName, fullDetail);
             super.append(buffer, fieldName, array, fullDetail);
         }
 
         @Override
         public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object value, final Boolean fullDetail) {
             checkAppendInput(fieldName, fullDetail);
             super.append(buffer, fieldName, value, fullDetail);
         }
 
         @Override
         public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
             checkAppendInput(fieldName, fullDetail);
             super.append(buffer, fieldName, array, fullDetail);
         }
 
         @Override
         public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final short[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
             checkAppendInput(fieldName, fullDetail);
             super.append(buffer, fieldName, array, fullDetail);
         }
 
         @Override
         protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final char value) {
             appendValueAsString(buffer, String.valueOf(value));
         }
 
         @Override
         protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Collection<?> coll) {
             if (coll != null && !coll.isEmpty()) {
                 buffer.append(getArrayStart());
                 int i = 0;
                 for (final Object item : coll) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, i++, item);
                 }
                 buffer.append(getArrayEnd());
                 return;
             }
             buffer.append(coll);
         }
 
         @Override
         protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Map<?, ?> map) {
             if (map != null && !map.isEmpty()) {
                 buffer.append(getContentStart());
                 boolean firstItem = true;
                 for (final Entry<?, ?> entry : map.entrySet()) {
                     final String keyStr = Objects.toString(entry.getKey(), null);
                     if (keyStr != null) {
                         if (firstItem) {
                             firstItem = false;
                         } else {
                             appendFieldEnd(buffer, keyStr);
                         }
                         appendFieldStart(buffer, keyStr);
                         final Object value = entry.getValue();
                         if (value == null) {
                             appendNullText(buffer, keyStr);
                         } else {
                             appendInternal(buffer, keyStr, value, true);
                         }
                     }
                 }
                 buffer.append(getContentEnd());
                 return;
             }
             buffer.append(map);
         }
 
         @Override
         protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object value) {
             if (value == null) {
                 appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
                 return;
             }
             if (value instanceof String || value instanceof Character) {
                 appendValueAsString(buffer, value.toString());
                 return;
             }
             if (value instanceof Number || value instanceof Boolean) {
                 buffer.append(value);
                 return;
             }
             final String valueAsString = value.toString();
             if (isJsonObject(valueAsString) || isJsonArray(valueAsString)) {
                 buffer.append(value);
                 return;
             }
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, valueAsString);
         }
 
         @Override
         protected void appendFieldStart(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName) {
             checkFieldName(fieldName);
             super.appendFieldStart(buffer, FIELD_NAME_QUOTE + StringEscapeUtils.escapeJson(fieldName) + FIELD_NAME_QUOTE);
         }
 
         /**
          * Appends the given String enclosed in double-quotes to the given StringBuffer.
          *
          * @param buffer the StringBuffer to append the value to.
          * @param value  the value to append.
          */
         private void appendValueAsString(final StringBuffer buffer, final String value) {
             buffer.append('"').append(StringEscapeUtils.escapeJson(value)).append('"');
         }
 
         private void checkAppendInput(final String fieldName, final Boolean fullDetail) {
             checkFieldName(fieldName);
             checkIsFullDetail(fullDetail);
         }
 
         private void checkFieldName(final String fieldName) {
             if (fieldName == null) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Field names are mandatory when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
         }
 
         private void checkIsFullDetail(final Boolean fullDetail) {
             if (!isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException("FullDetail must be true when using JsonToStringStyle");
             }
         }
 
         private boolean isJsonArray(final String valueAsString) {
             return valueAsString.startsWith(getArrayStart()) && valueAsString.endsWith(getArrayEnd());
         }
 
         private boolean isJsonObject(final String valueAsString) {
             return valueAsString.startsWith(getContentStart()) && valueAsString.endsWith(getContentEnd());
         }
 
         /**
          * Ensure Singleton after serialization.
          *
          * @return the singleton
          */
         private Object readResolve() {
             return JSON_STYLE;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * {@link ToStringStyle} that outputs on multiple lines.
      *
      * <p>
      * This is an inner class rather than using {@link StandardToStringStyle} to ensure its immutability.
      * </p>
      */
     private static final class MultiLineToStringStyle extends ToStringStyle {
 
         private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
         /**
          * Constructs a new instance.
          *
          * <p>
          * Use the static constant rather than instantiating.
          * </p>
          */
         MultiLineToStringStyle() {
             setContentStart("[");
             setFieldSeparator(System.lineSeparator() + "  ");
             setFieldSeparatorAtStart(true);
             setContentEnd(System.lineSeparator() + "]");
         }
 
         /**
          * Ensure Singleton after serialization.
          *
          * @return the singleton.
          */
         private Object readResolve() {
             return MULTI_LINE_STYLE;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * {@link ToStringStyle} that does not print out the class name and identity hash code but prints content start and field names.
      *
      * <p>
      * This is an inner class rather than using {@link StandardToStringStyle} to ensure its immutability.
      * </p>
      */
     private static final class NoClassNameToStringStyle extends ToStringStyle {
 
         private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
         /**
          * Constructs a new instance.
          *
          * <p>
          * Use the static constant rather than instantiating.
          * </p>
          */
         NoClassNameToStringStyle() {
             setUseClassName(false);
             setUseIdentityHashCode(false);
         }
 
         /**
          * Ensure Singleton after serialization.
          *
          * @return the singleton
          */
         private Object readResolve() {
             return NO_CLASS_NAME_STYLE;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * {@link ToStringStyle} that does not print out the field names.
      *
      * <p>
      * This is an inner class rather than using {@link StandardToStringStyle} to ensure its immutability.
      * </p>
      */
     private static final class NoFieldNameToStringStyle extends ToStringStyle {
 
         private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
         /**
          * Constructs a new instance.
          *
          * <p>
          * Use the static constant rather than instantiating.
          * </p>
          */
         NoFieldNameToStringStyle() {
             setUseFieldNames(false);
         }
 
         /**
          * Ensure Singleton after serialization.
          *
          * @return the singleton
          */
         private Object readResolve() {
             return NO_FIELD_NAMES_STYLE;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * {@link ToStringStyle} that prints out the short class name and no identity hash code.
      *
      * <p>
      * This is an inner class rather than using {@link StandardToStringStyle} to ensure its immutability.
      * </p>
      */
     private static final class ShortPrefixToStringStyle extends ToStringStyle {
 
         private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
         /**
          * Constructs a new instance.
          *
          * <p>
          * Use the static constant rather than instantiating.
          * </p>
          */
         ShortPrefixToStringStyle() {
             setUseShortClassName(true);
             setUseIdentityHashCode(false);
         }
 
         /**
          * Ensure {@code Singleton} after serialization.
          *
          * @return the singleton.
          */
         private Object readResolve() {
             return SHORT_PREFIX_STYLE;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * {@link ToStringStyle} that does not print out the class name, identity hash code, content start or field name.
      *
      * <p>
      * This is an inner class rather than using {@link StandardToStringStyle} to ensure its immutability.
      * </p>
      */
     private static final class SimpleToStringStyle extends ToStringStyle {
 
         private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
         /**
          * Constructs a new instance.
          *
          * <p>
          * Use the static constant rather than instantiating.
          * </p>
          */
         SimpleToStringStyle() {
             setUseClassName(false);
             setUseIdentityHashCode(false);
             setUseFieldNames(false);
             setContentStart(StringUtils.EMPTY);
             setContentEnd(StringUtils.EMPTY);
         }
 
         /**
          * Ensure <code>Singleton</ode> after serialization.
          *
          * @return the singleton
          */
         private Object readResolve() {
             return SIMPLE_STYLE;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Serialization version ID.
      */
     private static final long serialVersionUID = -2587890625525655916L;
 
     /**
      * The default toString style. Using the {@code Person} example from {@link ToStringBuilder}, the output would look like this:
      *
      * <pre>
      * Person@182f0db[name=John Doe,age=33,smoker=false]
      * </pre>
      */
     public static final ToStringStyle DEFAULT_STYLE = new DefaultToStringStyle();
 
     /**
      * The multi line toString style. Using the {@code Person} example from {@link ToStringBuilder}, the output would look like this:
      *
      * <pre>
      * Person@182f0db[
      *   name=John Doe
      *   age=33
      *   smoker=false
      * ]
      * </pre>
      */
     public static final ToStringStyle MULTI_LINE_STYLE = new MultiLineToStringStyle();
 
     /**
      * The no field names toString style. Using the {@code Person} example from {@link ToStringBuilder}, the output would look like this:
      *
      * <pre>
      * Person@182f0db[John Doe,33,false]
      * </pre>
      */
     public static final ToStringStyle NO_FIELD_NAMES_STYLE = new NoFieldNameToStringStyle();
 
     /**
      * The short prefix toString style. Using the {@code Person} example from {@link ToStringBuilder}, the output would look like this:
      *
      * <pre>
      * Person[name=John Doe,age=33,smoker=false]
      * </pre>
      *
      * @since 2.1
      */
     public static final ToStringStyle SHORT_PREFIX_STYLE = new ShortPrefixToStringStyle();
 
     /**
      * The simple toString style. Using the {@code Person} example from {@link ToStringBuilder}, the output would look like this:
      *
      * <pre>
      * John Doe,33,false
      * </pre>
      */
     public static final ToStringStyle SIMPLE_STYLE = new SimpleToStringStyle();
 
     /**
      * The no class name toString style. Using the {@code Person} example from {@link ToStringBuilder}, the output would look like this:
      *
      * <pre>
      * [name=John Doe,age=33,smoker=false]
      * </pre>
      *
      * @since 3.4
      */
     public static final ToStringStyle NO_CLASS_NAME_STYLE = new NoClassNameToStringStyle();
 
     /**
      * The JSON toString style. Using the {@code Person} example from {@link ToStringBuilder}, the output would look like this:
      *
      * <pre>
      * {"name": "John Doe", "age": 33, "smoker": true}
      * </pre>
      *
      * <strong>Note:</strong> Since field names are mandatory in JSON, this ToStringStyle will throw an {@link UnsupportedOperationException} if no field name
      * is passed in while appending. Furthermore This ToStringStyle will only generate valid JSON if referenced objects also produce JSON when calling
      * {@code toString()} on them.
      *
      * @since 3.4
      * @see <a href="https://www.json.org/">json.org</a>
      */
     public static final ToStringStyle JSON_STYLE = new JsonToStringStyle();
 
     /**
      * A registry of objects used by {@code reflectionToString} methods to detect cyclical object references and avoid infinite loops.
      */
     private static final ThreadLocal<WeakHashMap<Object, Object>> REGISTRY = ThreadLocal.withInitial(WeakHashMap::new);
     /*
      * Note that objects of this class are generally shared between threads, so an instance variable would not be suitable here.
      *
      * In normal use the registry should always be left empty, because the caller should call toString() which will clean up.
      *
      * See LANG-792
      */
 
     /**
      * Gets the registry of objects being traversed by the {@code reflectionToString} methods in the current thread.
      *
      * @return Set the registry of objects being traversed.
      */
     public static Map<Object, Object> getRegistry() {
         return REGISTRY.get();
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests whether the registry contains the given object. Used by the reflection methods to avoid infinite loops.
      *
      * @param value The object to lookup in the registry.
      * @return boolean {@code true} if the registry contains the given object.
      */
     static boolean isRegistered(final Object value) {
         return getRegistry().containsKey(value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Registers the given object. Used by the reflection methods to avoid infinite loops.
      *
      * @param value The object to register.
      */
     static void register(final Object value) {
         if (value != null) {
             getRegistry().put(value, null);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Unregisters the given object.
      *
      * <p>
      * Used by the reflection methods to avoid infinite loops.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param value The object to unregister.
      */
     static void unregister(final Object value) {
         if (value != null) {
             final Map<Object, Object> m = getRegistry();
             m.remove(value);
             if (m.isEmpty()) {
                 REGISTRY.remove();
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Whether to use the field names, the default is {@code true}.
      */
     private boolean useFieldNames = true;
 
     /**
      * Whether to use the class name, the default is {@code true}.
      */
     private boolean useClassName = true;
 
     /**
      * Whether to use short class names, the default is {@code false}.
      */
     private boolean useShortClassName;
 
     /**
      * Whether to use the identity hash code, the default is {@code true}.
      */
     private boolean useIdentityHashCode = true;
 
     /**
      * The content start {@code '['}.
      */
     private String contentStart = "[";
 
     /**
      * The content end {@code ']'}.
      */
     private String contentEnd = "]";
 
     /**
      * The field name value separator {@code '='}.
      */
     private String fieldNameValueSeparator = "=";
 
     /**
      * Whether the field separator should be added before any other fields.
      */
     private boolean fieldSeparatorAtStart;
 
     /**
      * Whether the field separator should be added after any other fields.
      */
     private boolean fieldSeparatorAtEnd;
 
     /**
      * The field separator {@code ','}.
      */
     private String fieldSeparator = ",";
 
     /**
      * The array start <code>'{'</code>.
      */
     private String arrayStart = "{";
 
     /**
      * The array separator {@code ','}.
      */
     private String arraySeparator = ",";
 
     /**
      * The detail for array content.
      */
     private boolean arrayContentDetail = true;
 
     /**
      * The array end {@code '}'}.
      */
     private String arrayEnd = "}";
 
     /**
      * The value to use when fullDetail is {@code null}, the default value is {@code true}.
      */
     private boolean defaultFullDetail = true;
 
     /**
      * The {@code null} text {@code "<null>"}.
      */
     private String nullText = "<null>";
 
     /**
      * The summary size text start {@code "<size="}.
      */
     private String sizeStartText = "<size=";
 
     /**
      * The summary size text start {@code ">"}.
      */
     private String sizeEndText = ">";
 
     /**
      * The summary object text start {@code "<"}.
      */
     private String summaryObjectStartText = "<";
 
     /**
      * The summary object text start {@code ">"}.
      */
     private String summaryObjectEndText = ">";
 
     /**
      * Constructs a new instance.
      */
     protected ToStringStyle() {
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code boolean} value.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name.
      * @param value     the value to add to the {@code toString}.
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final boolean value) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, value);
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code boolean} array.
      *
      * @param buffer     the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName  the field name.
      * @param array      the array to add to the toString.
      * @param fullDetail {@code true} for detail, {@code false} for summary info, {@code null} for style decides.
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final boolean[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         if (array == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
         } else if (isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array);
         } else {
             appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, array);
         }
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code byte} value.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name.
      * @param value     the value to add to the {@code toString}.
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final byte value) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, value);
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code byte} array.
      *
      * @param buffer     the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName  the field name.
      * @param array      the array to add to the {@code toString}.
      * @param fullDetail {@code true} for detail, {@code false} for summary info, {@code null} for style decides.
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final byte[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         if (array == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
         } else if (isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array);
         } else {
             appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, array);
         }
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code char} value.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name.
      * @param value     the value to add to the {@code toString}.
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final char value) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, value);
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code char} array.
      *
      * @param buffer     the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName  the field name.
      * @param array      the array to add to the {@code toString}.
      * @param fullDetail {@code true} for detail, {@code false} for summary info, {@code null} for style decides.
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final char[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         if (array == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
         } else if (isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array);
         } else {
             appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, array);
         }
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code double} value.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name.
      * @param value     the value to add to the {@code toString}.
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final double value) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, value);
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code double} array.
      *
      * @param buffer     the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName  the field name.
      * @param array      the array to add to the toString.
      * @param fullDetail {@code true} for detail, {@code false} for summary info, {@code null} for style decides.
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final double[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         if (array == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
         } else if (isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array);
         } else {
             appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, array);
         }
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code float} value.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name.
      * @param value     the value to add to the {@code toString}.
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final float value) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, value);
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code float} array.
      *
      * @param buffer     the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName  the field name.
      * @param array      the array to add to the toString.
      * @param fullDetail {@code true} for detail, {@code false} for summary info, {@code null} for style decides.
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final float[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         if (array == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
         } else if (isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array);
         } else {
             appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, array);
         }
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} an {@code int} value.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name.
      * @param value     the value to add to the {@code toString}.
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final int value) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, value);
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} an {@code int} array.
      *
      * @param buffer     the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName  the field name.
      * @param array      the array to add to the {@code toString}.
      * @param fullDetail {@code true} for detail, {@code false} for summary info, {@code null} for style decides.
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final int[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         if (array == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
         } else if (isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array);
         } else {
             appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, array);
         }
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code long} value.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name.
      * @param value     the value to add to the {@code toString}.
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final long value) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, value);
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code long} array.
      *
      * @param buffer     the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName  the field name.
      * @param array      the array to add to the {@code toString}.
      * @param fullDetail {@code true} for detail, {@code false} for summary info, {@code null} for style decides.
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final long[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         if (array == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
         } else if (isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array);
         } else {
             appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, array);
         }
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} an {@link Object} value, printing the full {@code toString} of the {@link Object} passed in.
      *
      * @param buffer     the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName  the field name.
      * @param value      the value to add to the {@code toString}.
      * @param fullDetail {@code true} for detail, {@code false} for summary info, {@code null} for style decides.
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object value, final Boolean fullDetail) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         if (value == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
         } else {
             appendInternal(buffer, fieldName, value, isFullDetail(fullDetail));
         }
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} an {@link Object} array.
      *
      * @param buffer     the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName  the field name.
      * @param array      the array to add to the toString.
      * @param fullDetail {@code true} for detail, {@code false} for summary info, {@code null} for style decides.
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         if (array == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
         } else if (isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array);
         } else {
             appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, array);
         }
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code short} value.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name.
      * @param value     the value to add to the {@code toString}.
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final short value) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, value);
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code short} array.
      *
      * @param buffer     the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName  the field name.
      * @param array      the array to add to the {@code toString}.
      * @param fullDetail {@code true} for detail, {@code false} for summary info, {@code null} for style decides.
      */
     public void append(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final short[] array, final Boolean fullDetail) {
         appendFieldStart(buffer, fieldName);
         if (array == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
         } else if (isFullDetail(fullDetail)) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array);
         } else {
             appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, array);
         }
         appendFieldEnd(buffer, fieldName);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the class name.
      *
      * @param buffer the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param object the {@link Object} whose name to output.
      */
     protected void appendClassName(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
         if (isUseClassName() && object != null) {
             register(object);
             if (isUseShortClassName()) {
                 buffer.append(getShortClassName(object.getClass()));
             } else {
                 buffer.append(object.getClass().getName());
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the content end.
      *
      * @param buffer the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      */
     protected void appendContentEnd(final StringBuffer buffer) {
         buffer.append(getContentEnd());
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the content start.
      *
      * @param buffer the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      */
     protected void appendContentStart(final StringBuffer buffer) {
         buffer.append(getContentStart());
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} an {@link Object} value that has been detected to participate in a cycle. This implementation will print the standard
      * string value of the value.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param value     the value to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      * @since 2.2
      */
     protected void appendCyclicObject(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object value) {
         ObjectUtils.identityToString(buffer, value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code boolean} value.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param value     the value to add to the {@code toString}.
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final boolean value) {
         buffer.append(value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of a {@code boolean} array.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param array     the array to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final boolean[] array) {
         buffer.append(getArrayStart());
         for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
             if (i > 0) {
                 buffer.append(getArraySeparator());
             }
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array[i]);
         }
         buffer.append(getArrayEnd());
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code byte} value.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param value     the value to add to the {@code toString}.
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final byte value) {
         buffer.append(value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of a {@code byte} array.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param array     the array to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final byte[] array) {
         buffer.append(getArrayStart());
         for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
             if (i > 0) {
                 buffer.append(getArraySeparator());
             }
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array[i]);
         }
         buffer.append(getArrayEnd());
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code char} value.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param value     the value to add to the {@code toString}.
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final char value) {
         buffer.append(value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of a {@code char} array.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param array     the array to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final char[] array) {
         buffer.append(getArrayStart());
         for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
             if (i > 0) {
                 buffer.append(getArraySeparator());
             }
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array[i]);
         }
         buffer.append(getArrayEnd());
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@link Collection}.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param coll      the {@link Collection} to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Collection<?> coll) {
         buffer.append(coll);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code double} value.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param value     the value to add to the {@code toString}.
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final double value) {
         buffer.append(value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of a {@code double} array.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array     the array to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final double[] array) {
         buffer.append(getArrayStart());
         for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
             if (i > 0) {
                 buffer.append(getArraySeparator());
             }
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array[i]);
         }
         buffer.append(getArrayEnd());
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code float} value.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param value     the value to add to the {@code toString}.
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final float value) {
         buffer.append(value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of a {@code float} array.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param array     the array to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final float[] array) {
         buffer.append(getArrayStart());
         for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
             if (i > 0) {
                 buffer.append(getArraySeparator());
             }
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array[i]);
         }
         buffer.append(getArrayEnd());
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} an {@code int} value.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param value     the value to add to the {@code toString}.
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final int value) {
         buffer.append(value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of an {@link Object} array item.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param i         the array item index to add.
      * @param item      the array item to add.
      * @since 3.11
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final int i, final Object item) {
         if (i > 0) {
             buffer.append(getArraySeparator());
         }
         if (item == null) {
             appendNullText(buffer, fieldName);
         } else {
             appendInternal(buffer, fieldName, item, isArrayContentDetail());
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of an {@code int} array.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param array     the array to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final int[] array) {
         buffer.append(getArrayStart());
         for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
             if (i > 0) {
                 buffer.append(getArraySeparator());
             }
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array[i]);
         }
         buffer.append(getArrayEnd());
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code long} value.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param value     the value to add to the {@code toString}.
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final long value) {
         buffer.append(value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of a {@code long} array.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param array     the array to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final long[] array) {
         buffer.append(getArrayStart());
         for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
             if (i > 0) {
                 buffer.append(getArraySeparator());
             }
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array[i]);
         }
         buffer.append(getArrayEnd());
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@link Map}.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param map       the {@link Map} to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Map<?, ?> map) {
         buffer.append(map);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} an {@link Object} value, printing the full detail of the {@link Object}.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param value     the value to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object value) {
         buffer.append(value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of an {@link Object} array.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param array     the array to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object[] array) {
         buffer.append(getArrayStart());
         for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, i, array[i]);
         }
         buffer.append(getArrayEnd());
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a {@code short} value.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param value     the value to add to the {@code toString}.
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final short value) {
         buffer.append(value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of a {@code short} array.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param array     the array to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final short[] array) {
         buffer.append(getArrayStart());
         for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
             if (i > 0) {
                 buffer.append(getArraySeparator());
             }
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, array[i]);
         }
         buffer.append(getArrayEnd());
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the end of data indicator.
      *
      * @param buffer the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param object the {@link Object} to build a {@code toString} for.
      */
     public void appendEnd(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
         if (!isFieldSeparatorAtEnd()) {
             removeLastFieldSeparator(buffer);
         }
         appendContentEnd(buffer);
         unregister(object);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the field end.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      */
     protected void appendFieldEnd(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName) {
         appendFieldSeparator(buffer);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the field separator.
      *
      * @param buffer the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      */
     protected void appendFieldSeparator(final StringBuffer buffer) {
         buffer.append(getFieldSeparator());
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the field start.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name.
      */
     protected void appendFieldStart(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName) {
         if (isUseFieldNames() && fieldName != null) {
             buffer.append(fieldName);
             buffer.append(getFieldNameValueSeparator());
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends the {@link System#identityHashCode(java.lang.Object)}.
      *
      * @param buffer the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param object the {@link Object} whose id to output.
      */
     protected void appendIdentityHashCode(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
         if (isUseIdentityHashCode() && object != null) {
             register(object);
             buffer.append('@');
             buffer.append(ObjectUtils.identityHashCodeHex(object));
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} an {@link Object}, correctly interpreting its type.
      *
      * <p>
      * This method performs the main lookup by Class type to correctly route arrays, {@link Collection}s, {@link Map}s and {@link Objects} to the appropriate
      * method.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * Either detail or summary views can be specified.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * If a cycle is detected, an object will be appended with the {@code Object.toString()} format.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param value     the value to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      * @param detail    output detail or not.
      */
     protected void appendInternal(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object value, final boolean detail) {
         if (isRegistered(value) && !(value instanceof Number || value instanceof Boolean || value instanceof Character)) {
             appendCyclicObject(buffer, fieldName, value);
             return;
         }
         register(value);
         try {
             if (value instanceof Collection<?>) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (Collection<?>) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, ((Collection<?>) value).size());
                 }
             } else if (value instanceof Map<?, ?>) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (Map<?, ?>) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, ((Map<?, ?>) value).size());
                 }
             } else if (value instanceof long[]) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (long[]) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, (long[]) value);
                 }
             } else if (value instanceof int[]) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (int[]) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, (int[]) value);
                 }
             } else if (value instanceof short[]) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (short[]) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, (short[]) value);
                 }
             } else if (value instanceof byte[]) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (byte[]) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, (byte[]) value);
                 }
             } else if (value instanceof char[]) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (char[]) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, (char[]) value);
                 }
             } else if (value instanceof double[]) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (double[]) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, (double[]) value);
                 }
             } else if (value instanceof float[]) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (float[]) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, (float[]) value);
                 }
             } else if (value instanceof boolean[]) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (boolean[]) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, (boolean[]) value);
                 }
             } else if (ObjectUtils.isArray(value)) {
                 if (detail) {
                     appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, (Object[]) value);
                 } else {
                     appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, (Object[]) value);
                 }
             } else if (detail) {
                 appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, value);
             } else {
                 appendSummary(buffer, fieldName, value);
             }
         } finally {
             unregister(value);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} an indicator for {@code null}.
      *
      * <p>
      * The default indicator is {@code "<null>"}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      */
     protected void appendNullText(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName) {
         buffer.append(getNullText());
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the start of data indicator.
      *
      * @param buffer the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param object the {@link Object} to build a {@code toString} for.
      */
     public void appendStart(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
         if (object != null) {
             appendClassName(buffer, object);
             appendIdentityHashCode(buffer, object);
             appendContentStart(buffer);
             if (isFieldSeparatorAtStart()) {
                 appendFieldSeparator(buffer);
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a summary of a {@code boolean} array.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param array     the array to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendSummary(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final boolean[] array) {
         appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, array.length);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a summary of a {@code byte} array.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param array     the array to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendSummary(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final byte[] array) {
         appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, array.length);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a summary of a {@code char} array.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param array     the array to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendSummary(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final char[] array) {
         appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, array.length);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a summary of a {@code double} array.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended
      * @param array     the array to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}
      */
     protected void appendSummary(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final double[] array) {
         appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, array.length);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a summary of a {@code float} array.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param array     the array to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendSummary(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final float[] array) {
         appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, array.length);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a summary of an {@code int} array.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param array     the array to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendSummary(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final int[] array) {
         appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, array.length);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a summary of a {@code long} array.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param array     the array to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendSummary(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final long[] array) {
         appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, array.length);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} an {@link Object} value, printing a summary of the {@link Object}.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param value     the value to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendSummary(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object value) {
         buffer.append(getSummaryObjectStartText());
         buffer.append(getShortClassName(value.getClass()));
         buffer.append(getSummaryObjectEndText());
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a summary of an {@link Object} array.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param array     the array to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendSummary(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object[] array) {
         appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, array.length);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a summary of a {@code short} array.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param array     the array to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      */
     protected void appendSummary(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final short[] array) {
         appendSummarySize(buffer, fieldName, array.length);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} a size summary.
      *
      * <p>
      * The size summary is used to summarize the contents of {@link Collection}s, {@link Map}s and arrays.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * The output consists of a prefix, the passed in size and a suffix.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * The default format is {@code "<size=n>"}.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param size      the size to append.
      */
     protected void appendSummarySize(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final int size) {
         buffer.append(getSizeStartText());
         buffer.append(size);
         buffer.append(getSizeEndText());
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the superclass toString.
      * <p>
      * NOTE: It assumes that the toString has been created from the same ToStringStyle.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * A {@code null} {@code superToString} is ignored.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param buffer        the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param superToString the {@code super.toString()}.
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public void appendSuper(final StringBuffer buffer, final String superToString) {
         appendToString(buffer, superToString);
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} another toString.
      * <p>
      * NOTE: It assumes that the toString has been created from the same ToStringStyle.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * A {@code null} {@code toString} is ignored.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param buffer   the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param toString the additional {@code toString}.
      * @since 2.0
      */
     public void appendToString(final StringBuffer buffer, final String toString) {
         if (toString != null) {
             final int pos1 = toString.indexOf(getContentStart()) + getContentStart().length();
             final int pos2 = toString.lastIndexOf(getContentEnd());
             if (pos1 != pos2 && pos1 >= 0 && pos2 >= 0) {
                 if (isFieldSeparatorAtStart()) {
                     removeLastFieldSeparator(buffer);
                 }
                 buffer.append(toString, pos1, pos2);
                 appendFieldSeparator(buffer);
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the array end text.
      *
      * @return the current array end text.
      */
     protected String getArrayEnd() {
         return arrayEnd;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the array separator text.
      *
      * @return the current array separator text.
      */
     protected String getArraySeparator() {
         return arraySeparator;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the array start text.
      *
      * @return the current array start text.
      */
     protected String getArrayStart() {
         return arrayStart;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the content end text.
      *
      * @return the current content end text.
      */
     protected String getContentEnd() {
         return contentEnd;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the content start text.
      *
      * @return the current content start text.
      */
     protected String getContentStart() {
         return contentStart;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the field name value separator text.
      *
      * @return the current field name value separator text.
      */
     protected String getFieldNameValueSeparator() {
         return fieldNameValueSeparator;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the field separator text.
      *
      * @return the current field separator text.
      */
     protected String getFieldSeparator() {
         return fieldSeparator;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the text to output when {@code null} found.
      *
      * @return the current text to output when null found.
      */
     protected String getNullText() {
         return nullText;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the short class name for a class.
      *
      * <p>
      * The short class name is the class name excluding the package name.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param cls the {@link Class} to get the short name of.
      * @return the short name.
      */
     protected String getShortClassName(final Class<?> cls) {
         return ClassUtils.getShortClassName(cls);
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the end text to output when a {@link Collection}, {@link Map} or array size is output.
      *
      * <p>
      * This is output after the size value.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return the current end of size text.
      */
     protected String getSizeEndText() {
         return sizeEndText;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the start text to output when a {@link Collection}, {@link Map} or array size is output.
      *
      * <p>
      * This is output before the size value.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return the current start of size text.
      */
     protected String getSizeStartText() {
         return sizeStartText;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the end text to output when an {@link Object} is output in summary mode.
      *
      * <p>
      * This is output after the size value.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return the current end of summary text.
      */
     protected String getSummaryObjectEndText() {
         return summaryObjectEndText;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets the start text to output when an {@link Object} is output in summary mode.
      *
      * <p>
      * This is output before the size value.
      * </p>
      *
      * @return the current start of summary text.
      */
     protected String getSummaryObjectStartText() {
         return summaryObjectStartText;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets whether to output array content detail.
      *
      * @return the current array content detail setting.
      */
     protected boolean isArrayContentDetail() {
         return arrayContentDetail;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets whether to use full detail when the caller doesn't specify.
      *
      * @return the current defaultFullDetail flag.
      */
     protected boolean isDefaultFullDetail() {
         return defaultFullDetail;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets whether the field separator should be added at the end of each buffer.
      *
      * @return fieldSeparatorAtEnd flag.
      * @since 2.0
      */
     protected boolean isFieldSeparatorAtEnd() {
         return fieldSeparatorAtEnd;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets whether the field separator should be added at the start of each buffer.
      *
      * @return the fieldSeparatorAtStart flag.
      * @since 2.0
      */
     protected boolean isFieldSeparatorAtStart() {
         return fieldSeparatorAtStart;
     }
 
     /**
      * Is this field to be output in full detail.
      *
      * <p>
      * This method converts a detail request into a detail level. The calling code may request full detail ({@code true}), but a subclass might ignore that and
      * always return {@code false}. The calling code may pass in {@code null} indicating that it doesn't care about the detail level. In this case the default
      * detail level is used.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param fullDetailRequest the detail level requested.
      * @return whether full detail is to be shown.
      */
     protected boolean isFullDetail(final Boolean fullDetailRequest) {
         if (fullDetailRequest == null) {
             return isDefaultFullDetail();
         }
         return fullDetailRequest.booleanValue();
     }
 
     // Setters and getters for the customizable parts of the style
     // These methods are not expected to be overridden, except to make public
     // (They are not public so that immutable subclasses can be written)
     /**
      * Gets whether to use the class name.
      *
      * @return the current useClassName flag.
      */
     protected boolean isUseClassName() {
         return useClassName;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets whether to use the field names passed in.
      *
      * @return the current useFieldNames flag.
      */
     protected boolean isUseFieldNames() {
         return useFieldNames;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets whether to use the identity hash code.
      *
      * @return the current useIdentityHashCode flag.
      */
     protected boolean isUseIdentityHashCode() {
         return useIdentityHashCode;
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets whether to output short or long class names.
      *
      * @return the current useShortClassName flag.
      * @since 2.0
      */
     protected boolean isUseShortClassName() {
         return useShortClassName;
     }
 
     /**
      * Appends to the {@code toString} the detail of an array type.
      *
      * @param buffer    the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @param fieldName the field name, typically not used as already appended.
      * @param array     the array to add to the {@code toString}, not {@code null}.
      * @since 2.0
      */
     protected void reflectionAppendArrayDetail(final StringBuffer buffer, final String fieldName, final Object array) {
         buffer.append(getArrayStart());
         final int length = Array.getLength(array);
         for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
             appendDetail(buffer, fieldName, i, Array.get(array, i));
         }
         buffer.append(getArrayEnd());
     }
 
     /**
      * Remove the last field separator from the buffer.
      *
      * @param buffer the {@link StringBuffer} to populate.
      * @since 2.0
      */
     protected void removeLastFieldSeparator(final StringBuffer buffer) {
         if (Strings.CS.endsWith(buffer, getFieldSeparator())) {
             buffer.setLength(buffer.length() - getFieldSeparator().length());
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether to output array content detail.
      *
      * @param arrayContentDetail the new arrayContentDetail flag.
      */
     protected void setArrayContentDetail(final boolean arrayContentDetail) {
         this.arrayContentDetail = arrayContentDetail;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the array end text.
      *
      * <p>
      * {@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to an empty String.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param arrayEnd the new array end text.
      */
     protected void setArrayEnd(final String arrayEnd) {
         this.arrayEnd = ObjectUtils.toString(arrayEnd);
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the array separator text.
      *
      * <p>
      * {@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to an empty String.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param arraySeparator the new array separator text.
      */
     protected void setArraySeparator(final String arraySeparator) {
         this.arraySeparator = ObjectUtils.toString(arraySeparator);
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the array start text.
      *
      * <p>
      * {@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to an empty String.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param arrayStart the new array start text.
      */
     protected void setArrayStart(final String arrayStart) {
         this.arrayStart = ObjectUtils.toString(arrayStart);
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the content end text.
      *
      * <p>
      * {@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to an empty String.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param contentEnd the new content end text.
      */
     protected void setContentEnd(final String contentEnd) {
         this.contentEnd = ObjectUtils.toString(contentEnd);
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the content start text.
      *
      * <p>
      * {@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to an empty String.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param contentStart the new content start text.
      */
     protected void setContentStart(final String contentStart) {
         this.contentStart = ObjectUtils.toString(contentStart);
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether to use full detail when the caller doesn't specify.
      *
      * @param defaultFullDetail the new defaultFullDetail flag.
      */
     protected void setDefaultFullDetail(final boolean defaultFullDetail) {
         this.defaultFullDetail = defaultFullDetail;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the field name value separator text.
      *
      * <p>
      * {@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to an empty String.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param fieldNameValueSeparator the new field name value separator text.
      */
     protected void setFieldNameValueSeparator(final String fieldNameValueSeparator) {
         this.fieldNameValueSeparator = ObjectUtils.toString(fieldNameValueSeparator);
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the field separator text.
      *
      * <p>
      * {@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to an empty String.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param fieldSeparator the new field separator text.
      */
     protected void setFieldSeparator(final String fieldSeparator) {
         this.fieldSeparator = ObjectUtils.toString(fieldSeparator);
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether the field separator should be added at the end of each buffer.
      *
      * @param fieldSeparatorAtEnd the fieldSeparatorAtEnd flag.
      * @since 2.0
      */
     protected void setFieldSeparatorAtEnd(final boolean fieldSeparatorAtEnd) {
         this.fieldSeparatorAtEnd = fieldSeparatorAtEnd;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether the field separator should be added at the start of each buffer.
      *
      * @param fieldSeparatorAtStart the fieldSeparatorAtStart flag.
      * @since 2.0
      */
     protected void setFieldSeparatorAtStart(final boolean fieldSeparatorAtStart) {
         this.fieldSeparatorAtStart = fieldSeparatorAtStart;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the text to output when {@code null} found.
      *
      * <p>
      * {@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to an empty String.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param nullText the new text to output when null found.
      */
     protected void setNullText(final String nullText) {
         this.nullText = ObjectUtils.toString(nullText);
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the end text to output when a {@link Collection}, {@link Map} or array size is output.
      *
      * <p>
      * This is output after the size value.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * {@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to an empty String.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param sizeEndText the new end of size text.
      */
     protected void setSizeEndText(final String sizeEndText) {
         this.sizeEndText = ObjectUtils.toString(sizeEndText);
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the start text to output when a {@link Collection}, {@link Map} or array size is output.
      *
      * <p>
      * This is output before the size value.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * {@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to an empty String.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param sizeStartText the new start of size text.
      */
     protected void setSizeStartText(final String sizeStartText) {
         this.sizeStartText = ObjectUtils.toString(sizeStartText);
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the end text to output when an {@link Object} is output in summary mode.
      *
      * <p>
      * This is output after the size value.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * {@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to an empty String.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param summaryObjectEndText the new end of summary text.
      */
     protected void setSummaryObjectEndText(final String summaryObjectEndText) {
         this.summaryObjectEndText = ObjectUtils.toString(summaryObjectEndText);
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the start text to output when an {@link Object} is output in summary mode.
      *
      * <p>
      * This is output before the size value.
      * </p>
      *
      * <p>
      * {@code null} is accepted, but will be converted to an empty String.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param summaryObjectStartText the new start of summary text.
      */
     protected void setSummaryObjectStartText(final String summaryObjectStartText) {
         this.summaryObjectStartText = ObjectUtils.toString(summaryObjectStartText);
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether to use the class name.
      *
      * @param useClassName the new useClassName flag.
      */
     protected void setUseClassName(final boolean useClassName) {
         this.useClassName = useClassName;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether to use the field names passed in.
      *
      * @param useFieldNames the new useFieldNames flag.
      */
     protected void setUseFieldNames(final boolean useFieldNames) {
         this.useFieldNames = useFieldNames;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether to use the identity hash code.
      *
      * @param useIdentityHashCode the new useIdentityHashCode flag.
      */
     protected void setUseIdentityHashCode(final boolean useIdentityHashCode) {
         this.useIdentityHashCode = useIdentityHashCode;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets whether to output short or long class names.
      *
      * @param useShortClassName the new useShortClassName flag.
      * @since 2.0
      */
     protected void setUseShortClassName(final boolean useShortClassName) {
         this.useShortClassName = useShortClassName;
     }
 }